Mind-blowing Artificial Intelligence-based Hide and Seeks game!

admin — Thu, 23 Jul 2020 10:23:45 +0000

Read Time:4 Minute, 20 Second

Do you know about Hide and Seek game, which we play in our childhood times!

Recently AI researchers from OpenAI developed Artificial Intelligence agents (bots) and trained them by letting play hide and seek with each other. The bots are categorized into two, namely Hiders (blue), Seekers (red).

Here are the Rules of the game that are predefined in their coding:

Seeker(s) would count for some time (remains idle), in the meantime hider(s) would hide.
Once the counter ends, the seeker would start searching for the hider.
Upon finding the hider, the seeker has to chase down the hider who would be trying to flee upon being seen.
The game provides several blocks (rectangular boxes) and ramps (triangular boxes), both the hiders and seekers can move them from one place to another inside a confined arena. But once a hider/seeker has locked the box/ramp at a certain position, it can’t be moved further.
Here this follows Reinforcement learning, once seekers find hiders then seekers will be given credits and if seekers can’t find then hiders will be given credits.

Stage-1: At the initial learning phase, the seekers learned to chase the hider if it has seen any and the hider learned to run away on being seen.

Stage-2: However after playing millions of rounds, the hiders found a solution: They started creating shelters using the blocks (see below picture), this avoids the seekers to see or catch the hider.

Stage-3: After several failed attempts to break-in to the shelter created by hiders, the seekers eventually learn to use the ramps. They push the ramp beside the shelter and climb up in order to move inside the shelter (see below picture)

After having their shelter breached millions of times, the hiders also learned something new: they took away all the ramps with them into the shelter, they call this as ramp defense (see below)

Stage-4: The researchers believed that this would be the final strategy that the agents learned but then something weird happened. After several more rounds, the seekers discover that they can jump on the top of the boxes and surf them to the hider’s shelter, they call this as box surfing (see below picture)

Now the hiders need to learn something new and playing millions of more rounds they do so. In order to prevent the seekers to box surf, the hiders learned to lock as many boxes as they can before constructing their shelter (see below picture)

Phase-5 (Here comes the disturbing part): When it seems that there are no further moves left, the agents learned to exploit the environment in other unique ways:

Some hider took a box and literally ran out of the arena!
Some of them push the ramp out of play as the game starts.
Few seekers learned that if they ran at the wall at just the right angle, they could launch themselves in the air over the walls to find the hiders.

The thing here is that none of the behavior shown by the agents was directly taught. They learned these behaviors themselves by playing the game for millions of times until they get rewarded, and they get the reward only when they win the game.

This study tells us a lot, it shows that AI learning by competition will be a much more feasible alternative than training under supervision. But on the flip side, it also tells that AI can learn to use sophisticated techniques when its only goal is to beat its opponent, it will behave in ways that we don’t expect, which gives us a glimpse of what AI can be!

Sources:

Link to the research paper

OpenAI Tried to Train AI Agents to Play Hide-And-Seek

About Post Author

admin

srinu@connectingfreshers.com

http://connectingfreshers.com

Happy

0 %

Sad

0 %

Excited

0 %

Sleppy

0 %

Angry

0 %

Surprise

0 %

The post Mind-blowing Artificial Intelligence-based Hide and Seeks game! first appeared on Connecting Freshers.

Human Audible frequency is 20Hz-20kHz, then why can’t we hear the frequency of current which is 50Hz/ 60Hz?

admin — Mon, 20 Jul 2020 06:36:01 +0000

Read Time:3 Minute, 59 Second

Sound is produced due to the mechanical vibration of the media. Sound waves propagate as longitudinal (compression/rarefactions) waves in gases, liquids, and solids. To hear a sound, the energy source should be capable of creating compression waves in the media. This waves upon falling on the diaphragm of the ear will vibrate it enabling the brain to perceive it as sound.

In AC 50Hz system, the electrons in the media oscillates at a frequency 50Hz inside the conductor. So it is not the media(molecules) that is undergoing vibration but the electrons. The electrons collide with the molecules and bounce randomly while oscillating. This will be converted as heat/light energy ( as in filament bulbs, heating coils) but not as mechanical vibrations. So we cannot hear the oscillating electrons.

Hearing involves the vibration of a mechanical media in the frequency range that mentioned. Even though alternating current has a frequency (50Hz), it may or may not have anything to do with mechanical oscillation. However, if the circuit is such that the alternating current generates vibration (as in the case of the speaker), then you can hear the mechanical vibration, otherwise, we cannot.

In the case of sound, frequency means no. of vibrations of an oscillating particle per second. You can find the equation of progressive waves(which sound is in fact) as below:

y= A sin 2πft, Here f= Frequency ,

Now comes about frequency concerning electricity. It is a concept of a.c current in fact which refers how many times electricity is changing its direction per second. you can find the term in the following equation:

E= E’ sin 2πft , Here f= Frequency ,

Now, in both the cases we find frequency as a valid term but in different definitions and in different forms too. so their role is not the same. again, sound is produced by vibration in the particles of a medium where electricity is produced due to the flow of electron. So, until there is no vibration in a medium we can’t hear sound.

Adding, electricity does not follow wave properties where you know that sound is a form of power that is beared by waves. Also we can say, sound is a form of power that awakens the power of hearing in our brains. But electricity is not capable of that.

Also frequency used in other terms(light, simple harmonis oscilation) can’t make us feel hearing that until it is turned into sound or in other words, until it vibrates the air particles around us.

Now come to the second part of the answer to the question called Discussion:

Some people say that we can be able to hear electricity. But we cannot because all the electrical copper wires are covered with plastic insulation. So, Apart from providing electrical insulation, it also serves as insulation to sound. As a result of which the vibrations are unable to leave the interiors of the insulation.
For them I want to ask one question, i.e If we cut a small part of the plastic insulation around the wire and bringing that wire near to ear (considering precautions), then can we hear the current sound? and a big no for that illustration.
The second doubt that encountered is “We can hear Zzzzz sound near the large transformer, where that sound is coming from ?”
yeah, that all happening because there is some magnetic induction to the metal casing in the transformer.

Source: https://qr.ae/pN2Mrq